Notable updates on policies in Azerbaijan (2023)
| Name | Stakeholders | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Green Corridor for Trusted Traders [a] | State Customs Committee | February 2023. Azerbaijan introduced expedited customs procedures for certified traders, aiming to reduce inspection times and enhance transparency. Businesses must demonstrate at least one year of import-export experience, utilize electronic customs services, and maintain compliance with customs regulations. Authorized users enjoy faster border crossings, minimized inspections, and the ability to submit electronic declarations in advance. |
| Digitalization at the Baku International Sea Trade Port [b] | Ministry of Transport, Communications and High Technologies, Baku International Sea Trade Port | In May 2023, the Port of Baku hosted the 14th International Capacity-Building Seminar on Trade and Transport Facilitation, focusing on the digital transformation of multimodal information exchange. Discussions included the implementation of Port Community Systems and the use of UN/CEFACT standards to enhance interoperability and streamline customs procedures. Additionally, the port continued to develop its Port Community System, integrating various stakeholders to facilitate efficient cargo handling and information sharing. This system supports the digitalization of customs processes, contributing to reduced clearance times and improved transparency. |
| Digital Trade Hub (DTH) Implementation [c] | Center for Analysis of Economic Reforms and Communication | The Digital Trade Hub is a unified digital platform, it facilitates electronic services for both local and foreign businesses, enabling them to conduct cross-border trade efficiently. The hub provides a secure environment for e-document exchange, digital customs declarations, licensing, and other regulatory compliance processes—all integrated into a single digital window. This significantly reduces bureaucratic delays and transaction costs for traders and logistics operators. |
Notable updates on policies in Georgia (2023)
| Name | Stakeholders | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Implementation of the Trade Facilitation Support Program [d] | Georgia Revenue Service (GRS) | GRS and the World Bank implemented the Trade Facilitation Support Program to improve cross-border trade procedures. The program focuses on aligning Georgia’s trade practices with international standards, reducing clearance times, and enhancing transparency in customs operations. |
| Introduction of Electronic Customs Clearance System [e] | Georgia Revenue Service (GRS) | GRS introduced an electronic customs clearance system to streamline import and export procedures. This system reduces paperwork, accelerates processing times, and enhances the overall efficiency of customs operations, thereby facilitating trade and improving the business environment. |
| Expansion of the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route [f] | Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development | Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development announced plans to expand the capacity of the Trans- Caspian International Transport Route. This expansion aims to accommodate increasing cargo volumes and improve the efficiency of freight transit between Asia and Europe, solidifying Georgia’s strategic position in regional logistics. |
Notable updates on policies in Kazakhstan (2023)
| Name | Stakeholders | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Introduction of the National Single Window for Trade [g] | State Revenue Committee of the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Trade and Integration | Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Trade and Integration introduced a National Single Window system to simplify trade processes. This platform allows traders to submit all required documentation electronically, reducing administrative burdens and expediting the movement of goods across borders. |
| Creation of the Middle Corridor Multimodal [h] | Ministry of Transport, TITR Association | In 2023, the three founding countries of the TITR (Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, and Georgia) agreed to establish the Middle Corridor Multimodal, a single transportation operator for the TITR. The company will set a unified tariff for multimodal shipments across the TITR. |
| Proposal to create a green corridor for perishables shipments at the border between Kazakhstan and Kyrgyz Republic [i] | Kyrgyz-Kazakh Business Council | The council submitted a proposal to the governments of both countries to create a separate lane for the movements of perishables. This is because drivers have to wait for several days (up to two weeks) at the border during the peak season for such shipments. |
Notable updates on policies in Kyrgyz Republic (2023)
| Name | Stakeholders | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Implementation of the Authorized Economic Operator Program [j] | State Customs Service | The State Customs Service launched the Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) program to enhance supply chain security and efficiency. Certified operators benefit from simplified customs procedures, reduced inspections, and priority treatment, facilitating smoother trade operations. |
| Enhancement of the Bishkek–Osh Road Corridor [k] | Ministry of Transport and Roads | The Ministry of Transport and Roads commenced a project to upgrade the Bishkek–Osh road corridor, a vital route connecting northern and southern regions. Improvements include road widening, resurfacing, and the construction of bypasses to reduce travel time and enhance safety. |
| Kyrgyz Republic–Uzbekistan Customs Cooperation [l] | State Customs Service | In January 2023, the State Customs Service of the Kyrgyz Republic and the Customs Committee of Uzbekistan signed protocols to enhance cooperation. These agreements focus on the exchange of customs statistical data and the prevention of suspicious financial transactions by foreign trade participants. |
Notable updates on policies in Mongolia (2023)
| Name | Stakeholders | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Creation of a Dry Ports Strategy [m] | Ministry of Road and Transport Development, Mongolia Maritime Administration | The Prime Minister ratified an order to revive the inter-agency Working Group on Dry Ports. This group is tasked with coordinating efforts across various government agencies to develop and implement dry port projects. The Dry Ports Unit was established to spearhead the development of dry ports in Mongolia. |
| Modernization at Zamiin-Uud BCP [n] | Ministry of Road and Transport Development, Mongolian Customs General Administration | The new cargo facility at Zamiin-Uud BCP was upgraded with financial support from PRC. The import vehicle gates increased from three to 22 and export gates from two to five. The facility includes 28 buildings, a full suite of utility infrastructure, an 11-kilometer power supply line, substation, lighting for the premises, and security systems such as cameras and perimeter fencing. |
| Implementation of Customs Automated Information System (CAIS) [o] | Mongolian Customs General Administration | In December 2023, Mongolia launched the Customs Automated Information System (CAIS) as part of its electronic reforms to improve border services. The new system replaced the outdated platform, offering 13 online services for the public and 33 for enterprises, thereby enhancing efficiency and transparency in customs procedures. |
Notable updates on policies in Pakistan (2023)
| Name | Stakeholders | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Launch of the National Single Window (NSW) System [p] | Pakistan Customs | Pakistan Customs, under the Federal Board of Revenue, launched the National Single Window (NSW) system to streamline trade processes by allowing traders to submit all import, export, and transit documentation through a single digital platform. This initiative aims to reduce cargo clearance times and costs, enhancing trade efficiency and compliance with international standards. |
| Launch of Port Community System [q] | Pakistan Single Window | PSW initiated the first phase of its Port Community System in June 2023, aiming to enhance seaport operations and logistics efficiency. |
| Restriction on Afghan Transit Trade [r] | Ministry of Commerce, Federal Board of Revenue | In October 2023, the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) imposed a ban on 212 items being imported into Afghanistan via Pakistan under the ATT. This decision was formalized through Statutory Regulatory Order (SRO) 1380 issued by the Ministry of Commerce. The banned items included: • Fabrics with 17 different HS codes • Vehicle tires • Three types of black tea • 14 different types of cosmetics and toiletries • Nuts and fruits with 14 different HS codes • Vacuum flasks • Home appliances (completely built units) with 49 different HS codes |
Notable updates on policies in the People’s Republic of China (2023)
| Name | Stakeholders | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Establishment of the China (Xinjiang) Pilot Free Trade Zones [s] | Ministry of Commerce | The Ministry of Commerce inaugurated the China (Xinjiang) Pilot Free Trade Zone, the first of its kind in China’s northwestern border region. Covering areas in Urumqi, Kashgar, and Horgos, the zone aims to promote trade and investment by offering preferential policies and streamlined customs procedures. This initiative is expected to enhance economic cooperation with neighboring countries and contribute to regional development. |
| Participation in the Trans- Caspian International Transport Route [t] | Ministry of Transport | China’s Ministry of Transport announced plans to enhance the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route, aiming to improve connectivity between China and European countries via Central Asia. This initiative includes infrastructure investments and policy coordination to facilitate smoother and more efficient cargo transit, thereby strengthening trade links along the route. |
| Strengthening Logistics Along the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor [u] | General Administration of Customs | In August 2023, the General Administration of Customs (GAC) announced key measures to facilitate cross-border logistics along the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor. These measures included facilitating customs clearance for intermodal transport, supporting the expansion of international rail transport capacity, and enhancing connections with the China-Europe Railway Express and the Yangtze River. The initiative aimed to support economic and trade growth in regions along the corridor and strengthen customs inspection and quarantine cooperation with ASEAN countries, with the potential to extend to Central Asia. |
Notable updates on policies in Tajikistan (2023)
| Name | Stakeholders | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Introduction of the Single Window System for [v] | Customs Service | The Customs Service under the Government of Tajikistan introduced a Single Window system to streamline import and export procedures. This digital platform allows traders to submit all necessary documentation electronically, reducing processing times and enhancing trade efficiency. |
| Rehabilitation of the Dushanbe–Khujand Road [w] | Ministry of Transport | The Ministry of Transport initiated the rehabilitation of the Dushanbe-Khujand road, a critical route connecting the capital to the northern regions. The project focuses on road widening, resurfacing, and safety enhancements to facilitate smoother transport of goods and passengers. |
| Discussion with Uzbekistan to remove the need for cargo permit in bilateral cargo movements [x] | Ministry of Economic Development and Trade | Tajikistan and Uzbekistan discussed a protocol amending their 2018 agreement on international road transport. This amendment eliminated the requirement for permits (commonly known as “dozvols”) for mutual cargo transport between the two countries. The change aims to streamline freight movement, reduce delivery times, and lower the risk of cargo damage. The removal of permit requirements applies exclusively to bilateral cargo transport between Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. For transit to third countries via Uzbekistan, the “dozvol” permit remains necessary. |
Notable updates on policies in Turkmenistan (2023)
| Name | Stakeholders | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Implementation of the National Trade Single Window [y] | Customs Service | Turkmenistan launched a national trade single window system in 2023, integrating components of the International Road Transport Union’s system within its ASYCUDA World transit module. This digital platform facilitates the electronic exchange of preliminary information concerning upcoming goods transportation by road, enhancing efficiency in customs procedures and transit facilitation. The initiative contributed to Turkmenistan achieving a perfect score in the 2023 United Nations global survey on digital and sustainable trade facilitation. |
| Introduction of a New Tariff System at Turkmenbashi Port [z] | Turkmenbashi International Seaport | In December 2023, the Turkmenbashi International Seaport introduced a revised tariff system aimed at enhancing its role as a logistics hub. The updated tariffs are designed to attract increased cargo traffic and streamline operations, particularly for transit cargoes. This initiative supports the development of a cargo base within the port and facilitates the movement of goods from neighboring countries to destinations like Russia and Europe. |
| Strengthening Regional Rail Transport Cooperation [aa] | Transport and Logistics Center of Turkmenistan | In September 2023, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan held a joint commission meeting in Turkmenbashi, focusing on enhancing transport links. Subsequently, in November, a memorandum of cooperation was signed between Russian Railways Logistics, Kazakhstan Railways, and the Transport and Logistics Center of Turkmenistan. The agreement aims to develop a joint railway service on the international route “North–South,” emphasizing Turkmenbashi’s strategic role in regional transit. |
Notable updates on policies in Uzbekistan (2023)
| Name | Stakeholders | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Signing of new Bilateral and Multilateral Trade Agreements [bb] | Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Customs Committee | In March 2023, Uzbekistan and Pakistan implemented a Transit Trade and Preferential Trade Agreement to boost bilateral trade. Under this agreement, Uzbekistan’s registered vehicles with valid permits can enter Pakistan without submitting financial security for duties and taxes, based on reciprocity. In November 2023, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan agreed to enhance trilateral trade and improve transit facilities, aiming to strengthen economic cooperation and regional connectivity. |
| Digitalization of Cross- Border Cargo Processing between Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan [cc] | Customs Committee | In June 2023, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan launched a digital transport program to facilitate cargo transportation between the two countries. This system enables timely completion of registration processes and supports the adoption of paperless modes in international cargo transportation. |
| Reduction of Value Added Tax (VAT) [dd] | Ministry of Economy and Finance | Starting in 2023, Uzbekistan reduced the VAT rate from 15% to 12% to lower the cost of imports and encourage trade. Goods imported by foreign investors for their own needs are indefinitely exempt from customs duties. |
[a] CAREC, https://www.carecprogram.org/uploads/Session-04_AZE_AEO-Program-Updates_ENG.pdf
[b] UNECE, https://itt.singlewindow.org/unece-seminar-2023
[c] Center for Analysis of Economic Reforms and Communication, https://ereforms.gov.az/en/page/reqemsal-ticaret-qovsaqi-9
[d] World Bank, https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/trade-facilitation-support-program.
[e] Georgia Revenue Service, https://www.rs.ge/.
[f] Middle Corridor, https://middlecorridor.com/en/.
[g] World Customs Organization, https://www.wcoomd.org/en/media/newsroom/2024/february/wco-supports-single-window-assessment-in-kazakhstan
[h] Astana Times, https://astanatimes.com/2024/05/kazakhstans-role-in-shaping-trans-caspian-transport-route/.
[i] 24.kg, https://24.kg/english/274705_Green_corridor_proposed_to_be_created_on_Kyrgyz-Kazakh_border/.
[j] CAREC, https://www.carecprogram.org/uploads/Session-04_KGZ_AEO-Program-Updates_ENG.pdf.
[k] National Investment Authority, https://invest.gov.kg/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/EN-47.pdf.
[l] Kun.uz, https://kun.uz/en/news/2023/01/27/uzbekistan-and-kyrgyzstan-exchange-more-than-20-bilateral-documents.
[m] UNESCAP, https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/d8files/event-documents/TS2_Country%20presentation_Mongolia.pdf.
[n] Parliament of Mongolia, https://www.parliament.mn/en/nn/63208/.
[o] CAREC, https://www.carecprogram.org/uploads/Session-05_BM-Modernization-and-Trade-Supply-Chain-DDG-Enkhtaivan.pdf.
[p] FBR, https://www.fbr.gov.pk/national-single-window-nsw-is-a-step-towards-introducing-egovernance-in-the-country/132053.
[q] Pakistan Single Window, https://psw.gov.pk/public/psw-extends-its-digital-trade-network-adding-more-government-departments.
[r] FBR, https://download1.fbr.gov.pk/SROs/20231031610344385SRO-1380(I)2023.pdf.
[s] Ministry of Commerce, https://english.mofcom.gov.cn/PressConferenceHomepage/ForeignTrade/art/2024/art_bb35664c6f7b497a8538024409f825ce.html.
[t] Middle Corridor, https://middlecorridor.com/en/.
[u] State Council, https://english.www.gov.cn/news/202308/05/content_WS64cd8554c6d0868f4e8de5db.html.
[v] Customs Service, https://www.customs.tj/.
[w] Ministry of Transport, https://www.mintrans.tj/.
[x] Asia Plus, https://asiaplustj.info/en/news/tajikistan/economic/20241126/tajikistan-and-uzbekistan-abolish-permits-for-mutual-cargo-transport.
[y] UNCTAD, https://unctad.org/news/turkmenistan-trade-single-window-eases-transit-powers-growth.
[z] Business Turkmenistan, https://www.business.com.tm/post/11148/turkmenbashi-international-sea-port-introduces-new-tariff-system.
[aa] Caspian News, https://www.business.com.tm/post/11148/turkmenbashi-international-sea-port-introduces-new-tariff-system.
[bb] UNESCAP, https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/d8files/event-documents/Apr30-15_Uzbekistan.pdf.
[cc] News Central Asia, https://www.newscentralasia.net/2023/06/05/cargo-transportation-between-turkmenistan-and-uzbekistan-digitized.
[dd] Tax Code, https://lex.uz/ru/docs/4674893#.